Unhappy with his company’s artificial intelligence efforts, Meta’s C.E.O. is on a spending spree as he reconsiders his strategy in the contest to invent a hypothetical “superintelligence.”

In April, Mark Zuckerberg’s lofty plans for the future of artificial intelligence crashed into reality.

Weeks earlier, the 41-year-old chief executive of Meta had publicly boasted that his company’s new A.I. model, which would power the latest chatbots and other cutting-edge experiments, would be a “beast.” Internally, Mr. Zuckerberg told employees that he wanted it to rival the A.I. systems of competitors like OpenAI and be able to drive features such as voice-powered chatbots, people who spoke with him said.

But at Meta’s A.I. conference that month, the new A.I. model did not perform as well as those of rivals. Features like voice interactions were not ready. Many developers, who attended the event with high expectations, left underwhelmed.

Mr. Zuckerberg knew Meta was falling behind in A.I.,

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